Monitoring and evaluation (M&E) is a systematic process used to track and assess the performance, progress, and outcomes of projects, programs , policies, or interventions. Monitoring involves the continuous collection and analysis of data to measure progress towards specific objectives and to identify any deviations from planned activities.

Evaluation, on the other hand, involves periodic assessments to determine the effectiveness, efficiency, relevance, and sustainability of the intervention, often with the aim of informing decision-making, improving implementation, and demonstrating impact. M&E helps organizations and stakeholders understand what works, what doesn't, and why, thereby enabling informed decision-making and the improvement of future initiatives.